At the same time, there is a fixed ratio between silver and copper coins. However, due to various economic and monetary reasons, and even because officials at all levels rely on copper coins to depreciate silver and depreciate silver, financial contradictions are very prominent, and the problem of high silver and low money has existed for a long time.

From 1585 to 1604, Britain established armed merchant ships, which went to sea nearly 200 times a year, specifically plundering Spanish transport fleets in the Atlantic and Caribbean Seas, and captured an average of about 200,000 pounds of property each year. This was a considerable income at that time, and in order to expand the results of the war, Elizabeth I had the idea of ​​pirates and issued privateing permits to the fleet led by Hawkins and Drake, who hated Spain, authorized the fleet to legally rob merchant ships from other countries.

It can be said that the reason why the United States is involved in a war is completely led by capital. In other words, the "Bank of America" ​​has to send "business elites" to help it turn losses into profits in the face of the increasingly corrupt "British companies" that are suspected of being dismantled.

With the first bankruptcy of Credit Bank in Vienna, the German banking industry began to suffer a full-scale run. On July 13, 1931, the National Bank of Darmstadt, Germany's second largest private bank, declared bankruptcy. Soon, people began to suspect that Germany could no longer continue to pay war reparations, which caused the run to rush to France, Britain and even Europe... a credit crisis occurred.

In the spring of 1927, Norman and the central bank governors of France and Germany came to the United States together to try to persuade the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates and prevent gold from flowing further to the United States. The Federal Reserve surrendered and pushed the federal benchmark interest rate from 4% to 3.5%.

In order to implement the Doves plan smoothly, British Bank established an office in Berlin and appointed Parker Gilbert, a partner of the Morgan Consortium, as the general agent for indemnity, to fully manage financial business related to indemnity.

The so-called Dawys plan simply means that international financial institutions led by Britain and the United States provide loans to German companies to help German companies restore their economy and obtain the ability to repay war reparations; German companies pay war reparations in five years, with the final deadline of September 1, 1929.

This move suddenly changed the flow of capital, and a large number of investors began to exchange dollars for gold and then transferred to London; this move instantly led to a contraction of US dollar liquidity in the market, so Wall Street stock market could no longer bear it.

16 million people were unemployed, and millions of citizens could only make a living by stolen water; agricultural products fell sharply, and many farmers killed all their animals and threw them into the mountain stream; owners could not pay back their bank loans, and banks could not repay depositors' deposits. By November 1932, the US banking system completely collapsed.

At the same time, in order to maintain the smooth implementation of the Dawys plan, the Federal Reserve has pushed the US market interest rates very low, which greatly increased the attractiveness of high-interest German corporate bonds, thus ensuring that US private loans continue to flow to German companies.

Of course, you can also see the Wall Street Stock Price Index, and the 25 industrial stock price indexes rose from 106 points at the end of May 1924 to 378 points at October 21, 1929.

On September 26, 1580, the Drake fleet sailed into Plymouth Harbor with treasures and was welcomed. Queen Elizabeth I boarded the flagship of the Hawkins fleet, the Golden Deer, to award Drake the medal and appointed him as the mayor of Plymouth.

Under his strong persuasion, the exchange rate of British and American currencies was fixed at 1 to 4.86. However, putting the exchange rate of 1 to 4.86 before the war was post-war, according to the economic strength of Britain and the United States at that time, it meant that the value of the British pound was seriously overvalued, so Britain's exports became difficult, and the British were more inclined to hold the US dollar, resulting in a large amount of European gold flowing to the United States.

The vicious cycle of mutual drag between Europe and the United States has led to a four-year global economic depression. During this period, there were too many tragic tragedies.

But British companies don't think so. Its main competitor is French companies. If it weren't for the German companies' clamoring to swallow up both of their markets, British companies would rather see the other two dogs bite the dog, so they did not want to see German companies in a slump, and it would better to keep French companies half-dead and forever.

This situation made Bank of England Governor Norman unbearable, but he was simply unable to convince Churchill to allow the pound to depreciate and abandon the gold standard.

On the surface, the Dawys plan restored the British and French economies, also allowed the American manufacturing industry to obtain orders from Europe, and at the same time created a financial prosperity. However, this all stems from the increasing scale of Germany's debt, which will inevitably sow the seeds for future crises.

In addition, Drake used the chart obtained by the robbery of the Kakavogo and traveled west across the Pacific and Indian Oceans. He returned to Britain more than a year later, becoming the first British man to navigate the earth.

Stimulated by low interest rates, the US economy is booming.

On August 12, 1915, US Treasury Secretary McCardu pointed out in a letter to President Wilson that the sale of industrial products to the Allies has ushered in an era of great prosperity, but to make the prosperity last, the United States must openly provide loans to the Allies.

The German economy collapsed completely and society fell into chaos. The German public, who saw the British breach of trust, was completely angry. At the same time, France collapsed. From 1921 to 1931, Germany was able to pay war reparations in full and timely, which has always supported the French economic expectations. But now, this expectation has completely shattered, and the French economic depression has naturally become a reality.

In Jiangsu and Zhejiang, there are many merchants who specialize in foreign banks to purchase national silver, and foreigners deliberately suppressed the exchange rates between national silver and foreign banks. According to the calculations in Jiangsu and Zhejiang at that time, Zhejiang Province had to pay an additional 100,000 taels of national silver for every one million taels due to exchange rate issues, while the national foreign trade lost million taels of silver due to exchange rate issues.

What is even more unfortunate than the economic disasters of Europe and the United States is that a group of Jews in Germany took the opportunity to initiate national disasters. Under their operations, the bread in Germany rose from 100,000 marks to 500,000 marks. Although the German people cannot afford the bread of 100,000 marks, the German people can still barely support it. When it reaches 100,000 marks, their group of people can no longer support it.

While World War II was still ongoing, some people (Quo and Luo) were considering whether Europe would need to be rebuilt after the war, the economy would need to be restored, and whether the world would need to return to the economic melee pattern after World War I.

The answer is naturally no. The disorderly struggle for interests in Europe and the United States is the direct and important inducement of the war cycle. Therefore, the European and American powers accepted Keynesianism. Since the economic activities within a country need to be regulated by the government, should there be a super-sovereign power to maintain stability and sustainability when dealing with international economic affairs?

...

If you want to watch a business war, then arrange it. Don’t worry. The story has been around early in the morning, but the original arrangement is just a brief introduction. Since you want to see it, write it down in detail, from low to high, arrange a few games, real and fake, fake, real and fake, and book friends can tell the truth by themselves.
Chapter completed!