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Chapter six hundred and ninety-one, the Indian consortium(1/3)

Putting down the water cup, Nanyi picked up the Galaxy Goddess mineral water next to it, and looked at the water inside through the bottle. It looked very pure, but Nanyi would never drink this water, even if it was a product of Nan's.

Putting down the mineral water, Nan Yi looked up at Han Zhenhe who was sitting opposite him, "You came here for more than a month before me. You should have understood what you should know, right?"

"Yes, President."

"Very good, let's give me some popular science on the development history of the Indian consortium."

"Okay." Han Zhenhe picked up a folder and opened it. After a while, he began to say: "President, the development history of the Indian consortium is inseparable from the history of India's industrial development. During the two world wars, the prototype of the first batch of Indian consortiums had been formed.

Geographically speaking, the founders of the first generation of consortium were mainly Malvalis, who were from the caste of merchants and usury from Rajasthan;

The Jats, mainly from the Punjab region, descended from the Great Yuezhi people. In caste-based India, the Jats are a special existence. Indian society classifies them as low castes, but they are hardworking and brave, basically rich, and have a great political voice. They can be called Indian Jews;

The northwestern merchants, mainly from Gujarat, were mostly landlords and agricultural product merchants, and started their business in the East India Company period.

Since the 1920s and 1930s, the first generation of old consortiums have converted commercial accumulation into industrial capital and invested heavily in big cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Madras, Coimbatore and Ahmedabad;

In the 1940s, they began to invest in political independence again, and the heads of several consortiums were close friends with the Gandhi family. After entering the 1950s, they also received generous returns.

However, since India implemented a strategy of focusing on the development of state-owned heavy industry in the early days of independence, even if the old consortium was supported by policy tendencies, it was also bound by the industrial license system.

Only the historic Tata Consortium has a steel mill, a locomotive factory and an airline. Most of the assets of the other consortium are concentrated in light industries such as jute, textile, sugar making, papermaking, and other light industries, and also engaged in trade.

In the wave of heavy industry, some relatively conservative consortiums have declined in strength, and a group of medium-sized companies have stood out from the ruins of the old consortium empire.

The Tata Consortium has risen steadily, and the strength of the Birra Consortium has not declined. Others such as Tapaul, Sinhanya, Valchand, Sriram, Modi, Mafatlar, Bajaji, etc. Although they had established an industrial sphere of influence before independence, their strength began to weaken after independence. Some had transformed and some had been hit by the storm by the waves."

"Yes." Nan Yi nodded and said, "No need to mention those who have fallen, they mainly talk about the consortiums that are active on the stage now."

"Okay, President, then I start with the fastest rising Reliance Business Company."

Nan Yi suddenly saw Hagiwara Koshuri who was walking towards them, and said first: "Sashiri, don't disturb me if you don't have any urgency."

Hagiwara Koshuri said, "Nao-kun, I want to ask what you plan to eat for dinner."

"Just make the decision."

"All right."

Hagiwara Koshuri said something and turned around and left.

"Zhenhe, let's go to the study to chat."

Nan Yi and Han Zhenhe moved their positions into the study. When they sat down, Han Zhenhe continued: "In the 1960s, a group of people with vision, courage and ability to take advantage of policy loopholes appeared in India. The most typical representative is Drubai Ambani.

In 1960, Drubai Ambani resigned from Aden Petroleum and returned to Mumbai, joining forces with Zhanbaal Damani to create Reliance Business Company, a company mainly engaged in import and export trade.

Ambani took advantage of the loopholes in the export promotion plan implemented by India at that time to import nylon yarn and export nylon fabrics. At that time, nylon yarn was short of nylon yarn, and the government gave high allowances to imported nylon yarn. Nylon yarn is a veritable gold sand.

In 1965, Ambani kicked his partner Zhanbale Damani away and controlled the company alone. The following year, he established a textile factory in Naroda.

In 1971, due to the increasing demand for polyester yarn in India, the government implemented another plan - rewarding the export of nylon fabrics and imported polyester yarn; Ambani's nylon fabric factory encountered a vent, and the nylon exported by his factory accounted for 60% of India's national nylon at its peak.

In 1973, Reliance Commercial Company was renamed Reliance Industrial Co., Ltd.; by the mid-1970s, Reliance Industrial was already at the forefront of the Indian chemical fiber industry; in 1977, Reliance Industrial was listed and has since entered the fast lane of development.

In 1978, a chemical fiber exhibition was held by Mumbai. Foreign merchants were completely attracted by Ambani's careful promotion strategy and almost all orders were included.

In the early 1980s, in order to fill the supply and demand gap of polyester yarn, Ambani established a factory for the production of polyester yarn in nearby Paraganga, which was under the jurisdiction of his eldest son Mukesh. Under Ambani's supervision, Mukesh achieved the factory's production in 18 months and all started construction within 4 days.

In 1983, India's import tariffs on polyester yarn began to increase, from the original Rs 564/kg to Rs 900/kg. Trading companies engaged in polyester yarn import business have closed down, and only Ambani is in the protection market smoothly."

"Wait." Nan Yi raised his hand and interrupted Han Zhenhe. "I want the Indian polyester yarn demand and import volume data table from 1980 to 1982, and then check the list of several of the best companies in the polyester yarn trade in those years."

"President, are you suspicious that Ambani is pushing behind the rise in tariffs?" Han Zhenhe asked.

"It is unlikely that one can push alone, take advantage of the situation and continue."

"So far, India's chemical fiber industry and textile industry have been almost monopolized by Reliance Industry. The strength of the consortium is only weaker than Tata and Bilra, ranking third in India; however, Reliance Industry has also fallen into a bottleneck period, and Ambani is taking Reliance Industry to expand into other industries."

“Petrochemical?”

Han Zhenhe nodded and replied: "Yes, it's petrochemical industry. Reliance Industry is already planning the oil industry. Just last month, Reliance Industry just bought 700 acres of Hazra's land."

As soon as Han Zhenhe said, Nan Yi took out the map of India and spread it on the table, asking, "Which country is Hazra?"

"Here." Han Zhenhe approached the table, pointed to a point on the map and said: "The land is on the edge of the Taputi River, and the location is very clever. The outlet of the Taputi River is in the Arabian Sea."

Nan Yi looked at the location Han Zhenhe pointed out, and the contour lines displayed on the map were smaller closed curves, so he asked: "Isle or depression?"

"As far as I heard about it, there should be a swamp there, the terrain is very low, and building a factory requires the land to be raised."

The swamp was very low, and several factors were connected by the river. Nan Yi quickly realized what Ambani was thinking.

"This Ambani is very smart. If you want to take a big ship, the Tapti River must have to dredge the channel. The silt dug out is just right for placing a pit." Nan Yi muttered: "You are so scheming, no wonder your little fox can become the richest man in Asia."

After staring at the map for a long time, Nan Yi looked up and asked inexplicably: "Is Ambani a high caste?"

"In the Vaishi caste, Mukesh, the son of Ambani, married a higher caste wife. His wife was named Nita Darral before marriage, and her parents were Gujarati and a middle-class family.

Nita has an outstanding appearance and is good at dancing classic Indian dances. She is very popular among the rich. She often invites her to perform, and the appearance fee is very expensive. It is said that Mukesh has taken a lot of effort to catch her up."

"What are Nita's grandfathers doing?"

Han Zhenhe's eyes flashed, "Northwest businessman, the side-segment of the first generation of dilapidated old consortium."

Nan Yi smiled faintly, "Darl's family has lost money, but their connections are still there, and there are still people who want to recognize their faces?"

"The president is wise."

"There is nothing good and wise. It is natural for Ambani to allow his son to find a pure dancer as his wife. Not to mention the whole country, but only in Mumbai, just based on the conditions of the Ambani family, it is easy to find a family of scholars. Whether it is the daughter of a university professor or a lawyer, it will be more suitable than a middle-class dancer."

Nan Yi said, then shouted to the entrance of the study room: "School Beauty, let Sayuri make us two cups of tea, and then bring some snacks over and let her do it by herself, and the snacks we want to bring them."

"clear."

The school beauties outside the door responded.

"Zhenhe, did you have any gastrointestinal discomfort here over the previous month?"

"On the first day I got here, I went to the streets and saw the sanitary conditions at the stalls here, so I didn't dare to try it. After that, I tried to stay here for dinner. Even if I wanted to eat outside, I would go to a high-end restaurant in the south of the city. President, the high-end consumption in Mumbai is no lower than that in New York."

"Ha, normal, the middle class in New York does not have the income level of the rich in Mumbai."

Nan Yi and the others started chatting, until the door of the study was knocked.

"Please come in."

The door was opened, and Hagiwara Koshuri walked to the table with a tray, "Nao-kun, disturb me."

"Lily Jiang, thank you for your hard work."

Nan Yi said, reaching out to help Hagiwara Koshuri take out the teacup and dessert basin from the tray.

Hagiwara Koshuri took the tray under her armpits and said politely to Han Zhenhe: "Please continue, I'll go out first."

"Lily sauce, it's still early before meal time, you can go for a walk on Peacock Mountain."

"OK."

After Hagiwara Koshuri left, Nan Yi and the others drank tea while bringing the topic back to the main business.

“The president, the consortium that rose after independence, and the Lambasin Experimental Company, its leader, B.M. Singh, was a refugee who moved from Rawalpindi, Pakistan to Delhi in the 1940s;

Lambasin focuses on the biopharmaceutical market, has many factories in India and is expanding to the outside world. It has its joint ventures in the country, Italy and South Africa. Lambasin has now controlled more than 12% of the Indian pharmaceutical market.

Similar to B.M. Singh are also Muhan Mojar of Hero Group, R. Singh of Balat Steel Pipe Company and Apollo Tire Company, and H.P. Nanda of Escotz Company;

Nanda was originally an agent of Westinghouse Electric in Lahore, Pakistan. After moving to Delhi, he resumed contact with Westinghouse and began to engage in the used car trade. In 1954, he founded the first manufacturing company, Gotez, in Bethiara, and the land was provided by Y. Singh Maharaja as an investment in the company.

Nanda is also a very interesting person. When he moved from Lahore to Delhi, he only had 5,000 rupees, but he had to stay in the Imperial Hotel, which is the Imperial Hotel now, and the fees have always been very high."

"He is trying to maintain decency, or credit, otherwise he will be kicked out of his previous circle." Nan Yi said.

Han Zhenhe nodded and continued: "In addition to these refugees who moved from Pakistan, some of the consortiums were transformed from emerging landlords, rich peasants and merchants during the Indian Green Revolution. They started their business by transitioning agricultural capitalism and operating foreign trade.

This group of people is distributed in Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Tamil Nad, Karnatak and Andhra. After twenty years, they have turned the wealth accumulated by agricultural production into manufacturing.

The typical representatives of them are K·v·k·Luya of Nageljira Group. He was a rich farmer in Andhra Pradesh. His university major was engineering. He worked in United Carbon Black Company early in the morning. After leaving this company, he founded Nageljira Fertilizer Company.

When the company was founded, he mobilized farmers of the Luyakama caste in Krishna County to invest in shares, investing 50,000 to 50,000 rupees per person, using these funds to increase the company's capital to debt ratio and use this as leverage to obtain a large amount of borrowing capital from state-owned financial institutions.

In addition, he also cooperated with the Slaprogeti company in Italy through Rajiv Gandhi's relationship. The Nagarjira Group has already dabbled in the chemical, cement and electronics industries."

Han Zhenhe took a sip of tea, slowed down, and then said: "In addition, in Andhra, Gujarat, Tamil Nad, Kerala, Punjab and other states, some consortiums were transformed from merchants and middle-class families.

They engage in foreign trade or through foreign exchange support from relatives and friends abroad, and devote themselves to the manufacturing or service industry.

For example, Angie Reddy of Dr. Reddy's laboratory was once a scientist at a state-owned Indian pharmaceutical company. After leaving the company, he copied and pasted the technology and then founded his own laboratory. He started out as exporting isobutyl phenylacetic analgesics, and now he has set up production bases abroad."

Han Zhenhe glanced at Nan Yi and said, "President, Anji Reddy's first choice for external expansion seems to be China."

"Um."

Nan Yi nodded, not saying anything.

Seeing that Nan Yi had nothing to say, Han Zhenhe continued to say: "There is another part that has developed with the infrastructure of India. They have made good friends with the government and undertake subcontract contracts. Typically, there are GVK Group leader of Andhra Pradesh G·V·Krishnaredi, who is a rich peasant, who accumulates capital from civil engineering contracts, and then invests in real estate and hotels..."

Han Zhenhe said patiently, Nan Yi listened carefully, and would interrupt the inquiries from time to time. The two of them replied in a roundabout way, with questions and answers, and continued until 8:30 in the evening.

After the end, Nan Yi sent Han Zhenhe to rest first. He sat in the study for another hour, sorted out his thoughts, and then walked out of the study.

As soon as she walked out of the study, Nan Yi saw a woman leaning against the load-bearing pillar and napping. The woman was wearing a red and blue sari, with her waist exposed, and her skin was fair. The patterns on the sari were very expensive at a glance. With her fair skin, the woman was undoubtedly Priyaka Sharma.

Frowning, Nan Yi turned his head and asked, "Have she ever approached?"
To be continued...
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