The world's population surged in the 20th century, which led to a serious water crisis. Droughts cause concern for the balance of safe water supply, but the main reason for the threat of drought is the actions taken by humans themselves by inadvertent consideration.

The United Nations pointed out that about 2.6 billion people do not have enough water for sanitation. Since there is no water for sewage treatment, the water crisis causes mixing of water with untreated sewage, which is the main adverse effect of insufficient water supply, which in turn causes people who drink contaminated water to get infected and die in large quantities.

The health of children in developing countries is the most eye-catching, with about 3,900 children dying from diarrhea every day.

Although these deaths are considered avoidable by the public, the actual situation makes the problem even more difficult because the earth cannot provide additional water. Technology can solve some problems, but the expensive costs have caused many countries to give up and find other solutions.

If developing countries can have more wealth, the problem can be eased slightly, but sustainable policies still need to be found to balance the population and water information use in each region. In any case, to solve the water crisis, it is necessary to first acknowledge that water resources are limited.

Vegetation and wildlife survival is entirely dependent on sufficient freshwater resources, most notably swamps and riparian zones, but woods and other onshore ecosystems also decline in productivity due to water shortages.

As the number of humans continues to increase, many wetlands are used for animal husbandry and building houses. Humans use water from some rivers upstream, and the productivity of other regions has also declined.

More than 80% of the seven states in the United States had been filled in the 1980s, while the area of ​​wetlands that Congress pretended to be has not decreased.

The area of ​​wetlands in Europe has also decreased on a large scale, resulting in the threat of biodiversity. Many wetlands in Scotland have changed and developed due to population expansion. For example, more than half of them disappeared in Aberdeenshire, and a variety of algae have also disappeared.

On the plateau in central Madagascar, human land use activities have caused the crisis of complete disappearance of all vegetation since 1970, and slash-and-burn farming has reduced the country's biomass by 10%.

Many places have become wastelands without plants, which are to allow poor and overpopular indigenous people to feed, but the erosion of the valley also causes silt to accumulate, a large amount of water can no longer be used, and it also destroys several river ecosystems that flow westward, making certain fish endangered and reduces coral reefs on the bottom of the Indian Ocean.

There are about 260 different river systems in the world, and conflicts occur from time to time due to crossing borders. The Helsinki rules help resolve the right to water between countries, but some disputes are fierce or related to basic survival and trigger wars. In many cases, water disputes are just one of the reasons for increasing tensions.

The Tigris-Euphrates galaxy is an example of conflicts along the river countries, with Iran, Iraq and Syria each claiming to have the right to use the river, but the total demand in the three countries exceeds the amount of water in the river.

In 1974, Iraq sent troops to the Syrian border and threatened to destroy the al-thawra dam on the Euphrates River in Syria.

Last year, Hungary and Czechoslovakia went to the International Court of Justice due to the water allocation and dam construction of Danube River. This is a very rare example of how to resolve disputes with rationality and jurisprudence.

Other examples, such as the disputes between North and South Korea, Israel and Palestine, Egypt and Ethiopia on the Nile, have proved that negotiations are often difficult solutions.

It is estimated that by 2025, two-thirds of the world's population will not have access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation services, and building sewage treatment plants and reducing the use of groundwater are not the solution.

Sewage treatment plants require a lot of money, and additional water sources are difficult to catch up with the surge in population. Even if a sewage treatment plant can be successfully built, the huge operating costs and the skills required by employees are also one of the considerations.

Reducing the use of groundwater is not politically popular and seriously affects farmers' livelihoods. If implemented, it will reduce crop harvests and cannot provide enough food to the people.

From a practical perspective, developing countries can try to use simple sewage treatment or septic facilities, as well as analyze and improve the design of sewage facilities, thereby reducing the impact on drinking water and ecosystems.

Developed countries can share cost-effective sewage treatment and hydrological models and other technologies; at the personal level, people in developing countries should reflect on themselves, reduce waste of water, and cherish precious freshwater resources.

All countries can increase the protection of ecosystems, especially wetlands and riparian areas. These measures can not only preserve biota, but also promote the water circulation of nature, making water more suitable for human use.”

Christopher was originally responsible for the in-depth affairs of the institute, and his report seemed a bit weak, and Nan Yi did not get much useful things from it.

After Christopher's speech was finished, Director Walgren stepped forward and began to say something more pragmatic and useful.

"Since the founding of the country, lack of water resources has always been one of the difficulties that test the wisdom of Israel's nation. The Negev Desert area in the south is always dry and water-deficient, and Lake Galilee in the north is the only freshwater lake in Israel, and it is also its largest and most important drinking water source and reservoir.

In order to solve the water use problem in the southern region, Israel put into operation the national water transfer project for north-south water transfer in 1964, using a 300-kilometer water pipeline to transport the relatively abundant water resources in the north to the drought and water-scarce south.

At the same time, Israel is committed to improving the efficiency of water resource utilization and has formed an intelligent water conservancy management system represented by drip irrigation technology. The recycling water utilization rate is as high as 75%, ranking first in the world.

However, no matter how high the efficiency of water resource utilization is, it cannot change the fact that natural freshwater supply is insufficient. Especially with the economic development of Israel and the increase in population, the gap in freshwater supply and demand is getting bigger and bigger.

At present, there are signs of long-term drought throughout the Palestinian region. Israel's excessive extraction of freshwater resources has made Lake Galilee water level often below the security red line, directly threatening Israel's water security.

The Israeli Water Resources Commission believes that the fundamental way to solve the water resource problem can only rely on desalination of seawater. To this end, the Israeli government is planning a large-scale desalination plan to alleviate the supply and demand contradiction of freshwater.

According to the information we have obtained, Israel expects that by 2015, seawater desalination water will account for 22.5% of Israel's freshwater demand and 62.5% of domestic water;

By 2025, seawater desalination water will account for 28.5% of freshwater demand and 70% of domestic water;

By 2050, seawater desalination water will account for 41% of the national freshwater demand and 100% of domestic water. If there is excess desalination water, it will be used to protect Israel's natural water resources...

China is a country with poor water resources, especially in coastal areas, which show more outstanding water shortage. It is important to solve the water shortage in coastal areas and promote economic development of marine desalination and comprehensive utilization technologies.

Similarly, once seawater desalination technology is applied to bitter and salty water, wastewater treatment, etc., it will also make great contributions to solving the water resources problems in central and western China.

As early as the 1950s, in order to resolve the water crisis, the United States set up a special saltwater bureau to continuously promote technological progress in water resources and desalination. Japan also established a water-making promotion center to promote the development of seawater desalination.

So far, the global daily output of seawater desalination has reached nearly 15 million tons, solving the water supply problem of more than 50 million people. In addition, the global direct use of seawater as industrial cooling water is about 300 billion cubic meters per year, replacing a large number of valuable freshwater resources.

The research on seawater desalination in China began with the research on electrodialysis technology conducted by the Navy and the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1958. The National Seawater Desalination Campaign held from 1967 to 1969 also laid the foundation for seawater desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and distillation.

Since the 1990s, as the water shortage situation in China becomes increasingly severe, seawater desalination will enter a period of great development, and it is expected to move towards large-scale applications soon...

Cambodia, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Chad, Laos, Haiti, Pakistan, Syria, Egypt and Somalia are already facing the problem of extreme water scarcity. In the near future, one-third of the world's population will face the serious problem of insufficient freshwater resources.

Although our Tamsui Institute is a research institute established with private funds, the investor, Mr. Adam..." Walgren signaled Nan Yi to the people in the conference room.

Nan Yi stood up, showed himself to everyone, and nodded and sat down.

"Mr. Adam does not need to gain benefits from the Freshwater Institute. What the Freshwater Institute needs to do is find ways to alleviate the Earth's water crisis and study ways to get a lot of freshwater. Gentlemen, ladies, the earth's freshwater resources have already had an orange alarm. It's time for us to do something.

We can ask for fresh water from the ocean, fresh water from sewage, fresh water from the clouds, fresh water from the air, upgrade and transform on the basis of mechanical dehumidification equipment, develop air-water devices, and use the same principle of dehumidification equipment to condense the water vapor entering the air-water device in the refrigeration coil, filter, ultraviolet disinfection, mineralization, and then store it in a food-grade water tank for drinking.

We can also develop a cheap desiccant material that absorbs moisture from the air like a chemical sponge, achieving the purpose of collecting fresh water by zero energy consumption..."

Walgren proposed many technical ideas for obtaining fresh water. Whether it is water vapor condensation or desiccant, Nanyi feels very feasible. This is a phenomenon that can be seen in daily life. Magnifying and professionalizing it is indeed a good way to obtain fresh water.

However, whether the fresh water obtained in this way is more clean than desalinated seawater, whether it is suitable for direct drinking, or can only be used as domestic water, needs a question mark.

Nan Yi was very interested in the research direction of biological purification proposed by Walgren. If there is a kind of organism that can decompose useless components in seawater or sewage, this is a blessing for the earth and Nan.

Even if the technology of biological purification is not so magical, it can only break down single ingredients, such as salt, which is also good news.

After the seminar, Nan Yi and Walgren chatted for a while, put forward some ideas of his fancy and asked each other for a book catalog. He wanted to supplement his knowledge about "water" in his spare time.

Nan Yi left Tamsui Company and on the way to the bookstore, Gong Xue called, saying that she had encountered some trouble at Baron Hirsch's Cemetery with the crew of "The People of Beijing in New York" and asked him to go over and deal with it.

Nan Yi was a little dissatisfied. He had sent someone to assist the crew throughout the process. How could there be any trouble? He guessed that Gong Xue wanted to see him and deliberately made an excuse.

When he arrived at Baron Hirsch's Cemetery, Nan Yi got out of the car and took a look. The crew was filming in an orderly manner, so there was no trouble.

Walking to Gong Xue, Nan Yi said in a slightly blameless tone: "Next time I want to see me, just say it, don't make excuses."

Gong Xue looked at Nan Yi and said angrily: "It's really a matter. Director Zheng wants to shoot the cemetery and needs to rent a helicopter."

"Hmm? David can't handle it?" Nan Yi looked around, "Where is the David?"

"I heard from Director Zheng that David's son was sick and left in the morning."

"Oh, have you booked a hotel?" Nan Yi nodded and looked at the heroine Yan Xiaoping a few times. When she was watching TV in her previous life, Nan Yi liked to watch her camera very much.

"not yet."

"I'll go and talk to Snapdragon first, and I'll accompany you to the hotel later."

"Um."

Nan Yi walked behind Zheng Xiaolong and stopped five meters away, thinking about waiting for "cut" before leaving before saying hello.

Zheng Xiaolong was looking at the camera seriously. Feng Kuzi, who didn't know what role he played in the crew, saw Nan Yi and smiled at Nan Yi with a little flattery.

Nan Yi smiled politely.

Three or four minutes passed, and Zheng Xiaolong finally shouted "cut". The actor and the behind-the-scenes personnel instantly relaxed. Feng Zizi trotted to Zheng Xiaolong and pointed to the direction of Nan Yi.

"Nanyi, you are in New York too. Just be there. I want a helicopter."
Chapter completed!