Next, it involves the economic war between Li Chengdao and the aristocratic family, so I popularized simple futures knowledge for book lovers who are not clear about it - hahaha, the strange knowledge has been added again. In reality, I would like to advise everyone not to participate in futures and stocks. The author has learned a bloody lesson - how many people understand the tragedy that was trapped in 2015, wuwu.

If you have already known futures, just skip this chapter.

Futures are completely different from spot. Spot is a real commodity (commodity). Futures are mainly not goods, but standardized tradable contracts based on certain popular products such as cotton, soybeans, oil, etc.

The day for futures delivery can be one week later, one month later, three months later, or even one year later.

A contract or agreement for buying and selling futures is called a futures contract. The place where futures are bought and sold is called the futures market. Investors can invest or speculate in futures.

Now, taking the 100-ton grain futures contract as an example, the margin is set to 5%.

If you buy a 100-guan grain futures contract after 2 months, you only need to pay a 5% margin, that is, 5-guan. The remaining 95-guan will be fine. After 2 months, the seller will give you the grain and you will pay the remaining 95-guan.

If you are the seller, it is equivalent to someone who reserves 100 guan for your food in 2 months with 5 guan. You only need to hand it over to him in 2 months.

Then a situation occurs. If I am the buyer, if the grain price rises after 2 months and becomes 105 guan in the first hand, I just need to pay the remaining 95 guan and a total of 100 guan, and I can buy grain worth 105 guan. Have you made a profit? If it rises to 110 guan, it will be even better. I used 5 guan to book 100 guan and earned 10 guan.

On the contrary, in another case, if I am the buyer and the grain price drops after 2 months and becomes 95 guan, then I have to pay the remaining 95 guan to the seller. Then I will lose? Because I spent a total of 100 guan. If it drops to 90 guan, what should I do? I might as well not have the deposit of 5 guan, and I can save 5 guan. At this time, during the price drop, as the seller, the buyer must add deposit, otherwise you will pat your butt and leave. The grain I planted for you will lose by myself at that time?

At this time, another transaction was derived.

I think the harvest of grain this year may be bad due to natural disasters, and the grain price may rise to 110 guan. Then I used 5 guan in advance to book 100 guan of grain from the grain merchant and got a contract with the grain merchant.

When the grain output was produced, the price of grain rose to 110 guan. At this time, I did not take out the remaining 95 guan to buy grain, but sold the contract to others for 13 guan. When the others saw that I only had 13 guan to buy this contract, and then took out 95 guan, and a total of 108 guan, I could buy 110 guan. That was not a profit of 2 guan, so I bought it happily.

The person who bought the contract made 2 coins, I made 8 coins, and the seller lost it.

This is the secret to making money.

On the contrary, if I think this year's grain will have a bumper harvest due to good weather and the grain price should drop to 95 guan, then I will find someone who needs food and ask him to pay 5 guan to book. When the grain is confirmed to have a bumper harvest, the price will also drop to 95 guan. I will go to the market to buy the corresponding amount of grain and sell it to the buyer. The buyer still has to pay you 95 guan. Then I made 5 guan for nothing? Although the grain price has dropped, you made 5 guan. This is to sell it first and then buy it, and finally settle the account.

Or more directly, I will give this contract to a real grain merchant and give him another guan. When the buyer asks you for grain, he will ask him to find the grain merchant to get the grain. He will pay 95 guan. The grain merchant will give him grain. At this time, the grain merchant will make an extra guan for no reason, and you will make 4 guan. As soon as you buy and sell this contract, you will make 4 guan without taking care of the grain.

Of course, all the premises must be judged correctly. Once the direction is judged incorrectly, you will bear all the losses. Not only that, this contract must also be performed by strong personnel. Otherwise, if everyone makes the wrong direction and runs away, the contract also has a p-use function. Generally speaking, the official is ensuring the performance of the contract. If you dare to run away, go to prison.

This is the simple trading rules, and of course it is actually more complicated.

When the price of grain for 100 coins of buying a contract of 5 coins, the price of grain rose, and the price of grain fell to 98 coins. Then, if you want to sell this contract, you can only sell 3 coins, which means you lose 2 coins. If the price of grain falls to 95 coins, then you can only give away this contract and you can't make a penny. But what if the price of grain reaches 90 coins? What should you do? You pay a deposit of 5 coins first and pay a balance of 95 coins to buy grain worth 90 coins. Then I simply don't fulfill the contract and can escape, and I can save 5 coins.

Who will be responsible for the loss of 5 guan? Of course, the middleman of the contract will be responsible for it. In order to avoid this situation, when the price of grain is about to fall to 95 guan, he will remind you to add a deposit immediately and take another 5 guan to prepare. Otherwise, I will invalidate the contract at 95 guan. Once it is invalidated, you will never get the food again.

Similarly, when you sell short, the grain price will rise. If you are a grain merchant and you sign a contract with the buyer and the grain price will rise to 105 guan, then do you make 5 guan less money? If you are not a grain merchant but sign a contract with someone else, then should you buy grain on the market at a price of 105 and then hand it over to the buyer for a balance. In the end, someone pays you 100 guan, but you have to buy 105 guan in the market and give it to others, and you will lose 5 guan.
Chapter completed!