"Sir, please use tea." Huang Miaohao timidly handed over a cup of bamboo leaves that had just been brewed with tea. After getting along with this Lord Wu for a lot these days, he also knew the taste of the other party's tea. Compared with the 'ging and onion tea' that grandfather Huang Chenke drank, this Lord Wu is much easier to serve.

"Is there something urgent to come to me? Or is there anything I can tell you to bring to your future husband?" Wu Yonglin's joke was not funny. Looking at Huang Miaohao's face suddenly changed. Wu Yonglin then realized that he had said the wrong thing and quickly added: "If you have any requirements, just ask, I will try my best to help."

"It's really okay?" Huang Miaohao immediately became excited.

"A gentleman speaks a quick horse and a whip."

"Can I participate in this autumn examination?"

"What?" Wu Yonglin was surprised by this bold suggestion, but he quickly passed it through his mind and agreed readily: "Okay, okay, but is it still time?"

"As long as the adult agrees, everything else is easy." Huang Miaohao jumped away like a magpies, leaving only Wu Yonglin, a sad figure. Which one is singing, "The Female Prince Consort"?

Since the Sui Dynasty implemented the "Imperial Examination to Select Scholars", the imperial examination system has been in effect in China for more than a thousand years, having had a huge impact on Chinese society and culture. It has become the main channel for feudal society to select talents, and it has also become an important basis for feudal dynasties to maintain their long-term rule. Although this system of selecting officials based on examination scores rather than family status has its inevitable historical limitations, in the feudal era, it was indeed the only mechanism that rulers could find to select talents most fairly within the maximum range. The most direct consequence of "learning and pursuing officials" was to give birth to the literati class who was promoted to the exam regardless of family status.

The imperial examination system gradually improved during the Tang Dynasty. The basic characteristics were to be divided into subject examinations and selected for the best. Examinations were divided into two categories: regular subjects and regular subjects. Regular subjects were held every year, and regular subjects were temporarily set by the emperor. There were many common subjects, and they were divided into subjects such as scholars, Mingjing, Jinshi, Mingfa, Mingshu, Mingshu, Mingshu, Mingshu, Mingshu, Mingshu, Mingshu and Mingshu. Among them, Mingshu and Jinshu were the most important: Mingshu and general test scriptures and meanings; Jinshu was tested for posting scriptures, miscellaneous essays, policy discussions, and exams. The requirements for the Jinshu subject were higher than those of the Mingshu subject. At that time, there was a saying that "thirty old Mingshu, fifty young Jins", which meant that the difficulty of the Jinshu subject was often only one-tenth of the Mingshu subject.

Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty Li Shimin, Wu Zetian, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty Li Longji were key figures in improving the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Tang expanded the scale of national studies and received extremely strict Jinshi examinations; Wu Zetian pioneered the palace examination and added the military imperial examinations to win military generals, but the palace examinations were limited to Wu Zetian when he was in power and did not become a custom-made one in the Tang Dynasty; during Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, poetry and essays became the main examination content of the Jinshi examination. In the Tang Dynasty, about 10,000 imperial examinations were selected, and 80% of the prime ministers of the Tang Dynasty were from Jinshi. This shows that the imperial examinations were

The influence and effectiveness of the two subjects. It is worth mentioning that in the Tang Dynasty, the official positions awarded to the new Jinshi were far lower than those of the descendants. The scholars of the Tang Dynasty were awarded the eighth rank and the official positions of the eighth rank and the official positions of the Ming Jingshi, the Jinshi, and the Ming Fa two subjects were awarded the ninth rank and the first, and the first, the second, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the second, the first. In this sense, the imperial examinations of the Tang Dynasty were somewhat similar to the modern civil servant recruitment.

During the Song Dynasty, in addition to the significant increase in the number of scholars, the greatest improvement of the imperial examination system was the emperor's strengthening control over the process of recruiting scholars. Since the sixth year of Kaibao (973), the palace examination was officially customized. All the Jinshi who won the imperial examination must go through the palace examination chaired by the emperor himself. The final list and ranking were also appointed by the emperor. Therefore, all the people who passed the imperial examination became "son of the emperor" and were no longer the examiners' disciples, thus reducing the possibility of the examiners forming cliques with scholars for personal gain. After the palace examination, the ranking of Jinshi was announced, and the emperor was then given a banquet for Qionglinyuan, known in history as Qionglin Banquet. Anyone who passed the palace examination was immediately awarded an official position and did not need to be selected by the Ministry of Personnel.

After years of changes, the imperial examination system had been formed by the Ming Dynasty, and a complete examination system was divided into four levels: the college examination is for candidates from all over the country to take the examination of the county government, and the provincial admiral academic government came to preside over. Those who passed the examination were called students, commonly known as scholars. The provincial examination was an examination at the provincial level, held every three years, held every three years, held in the years of Zi, Wu, Mao, and You, and was called "Da Bi". If the emperor's celebration was met, the imperial examination would also be issued an edict to add it, which was called "Enke". The examination period was generally in autumn and August, so it was also called "Autumn Examination". The main examination and deputy chief examination were temporarily selected by the court. The provincial examination was called "Yi Bang", also known as Gui Bang. Those who passed the examination were called "Ju Ren, commonly known as filial and honest, or "Dengxian Shu".

The first place in the exam is called Jieyuan. The imperial examination is held in the following year of the provincial examination. It is a central-level examination, presided over by ministers of the cabinet. It is held in the years of Chen, Xu, Chou and Wei, and is also called "Spring Examination". The one who passes the exam is the tribute scholar, and the first name is Huiyuan. The palace examination is personally presided over by the emperor, and it is divided into three grades and is divided into three grades and is named the top scholar, the second grade, the second grade, and the second grade, and the second grade are given the Jinshi; the third grade are given the same Jinshi. The first place in the second and third grades are generally called Chuanlu. The palace examination is only used to determine the rankings. The tribute scholars who can participate usually become Jinshi, and there will be no longer any failure. From then on, they will be given the official uniform and are extremely honored.

However, the development of the imperial examination system to the Ming Dynasty was very different from the imperial examination system, and it began to show signs of rigidity. In terms of the scope of the examination, the Tang Dynasty included classics, current affairs and classics, while the Ming Dynasty mainly included the Four Books and Five Classics, and other knowledge was regarded as "miscellaneous studies". In terms of the examination style, the Tang Dynasty mainly included poetry, essays, postscripts, ink meanings, etc., while the Ming Dynasty was the eight-part essay. The eight-part essay paid attention to the form, and its writing format was strictly stipulated. It must be composed of eight parts of the question-solving, inheriting the question, starting, starting, starting, starting, starting, middle, back, and tying. The content only requires that it follows the thoughts of the predecessors, the gorgeous words, and conforming to the format, without independent thinking.

, innovative insights, and do not value the actual knowledge of candidates at all. The Qing Dynasty not only fully inherited the Ming Dynasty system, but also the Qing Dynasty rulers repeatedly promoted literary inquisitions out of selfishness, and controlled the scholars more strictly in their thoughts. For example, in the late Qing Dynasty, Liang Qichao became a scholar at the age of twelve and passed the provincial examination at the age of 17, and was regarded as a child prodigy. However, he himself admitted that "there are no so-called classics and history besides Tiekuo (selected eight-part essays set to cope with the exam). His master Kang Youwei came from a scholarly family and read classics of ancient and modern times since he was a child, but he became a scholar at the age of 16. After sixteen, he failed in the provincial examinations and was frustrated for twenty years.

There have always been many candidates for the provincial examination. The two chief and deputy examiners cannot read all the test papers, so according to the convention, fourteen examiners are selected, called "same examiners", also known as "house officials", who are responsible for dividing the test papers. First, screen the test papers, and those who are interested, then recommend them to the chief and deputy examiners according to the proportion. Most of the examiners are idle young officials from Jinshi, and are generally selected from the individual officials who are talented and famous in each yamen. Because the examiners recommended the examiners to the examiners will be admitted in seven or eight out of ten, and there are many articles to do, so when the candidates for the examiners must be selected within two or three months before the provincial examination, Beijing officials will start to work hard to find a job as the examiners.

The most common cheating of candidates is to hold books, that is, secretly bringing books related to the content of the exam or words written in the examination room. Since the Tang Dynasty, book owners have been prohibited. According to the "Tongdian Volume 15", "The Ministry of Rites strictly set up soldiers and guards on the day of reading the exam, recommended them to encircle them, searched for clothes, and laughed at them to prevent falsehoods and dissipation." However, the ban on book owners did not become a custom-made product in the Tang Dynasty. It was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that officials such as prison gates and patrol shops were set up to search for whether candidates were carrying books. Once discovered, they would be severely punished, that is, the qualification to take the imperial examination once was cancelled. During the Southern Song Dynasty, they were aggravated to cancel the five imperial examinations.

Qualification for the examination. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was repeatedly imposed strict ban on holding books, and further increased the punishment. For example, in the second year of Shunzhi (1645), it was clearly stipulated that "the scholars entered the venue and searched carefully. If there were any people holding a piece of paper and only words, they would be shackled before the venue for one month and the crime was reported. The search officers and officials were informed of the secrets and condoned the same crime." ("Qing Dynasty Literature Examination Paper 47") In the 53rd year of Kangxi (1714), it also stipulated that "whenever the examiner entered the examination, they would wear clothes, single-layer shoes and socks, and only carry baskets, small stools, food, pens and inkstones, and other items were intercepted. If they were punished, they would be punished." ("Imperially appointed Qing Dynasty Classics Examples of the Imperial Qing Dynasty

41) In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), further detailed provisions: "Shizi's clothing style, hats are made of single-layer felt; large and small shirts, robes and jackets are made of single-layer, leather jackets are removed from the surface, felt clothes are removed from the inside, trousers and oil cloths are made of trousers and oil cloths are made of thin soles, and felt pieces are made of seats." As for the Shizi's examination tools: roll bags are not allowed to be filled, inkstones are not allowed to be too thick, pen tubes are made of hollow, water injection is made of porcelain; charcoal is only about two inches long; wax tables are used to be tin, and single plates are left, and the columns must be hollowed out; cakes and cakes must be cut open. One of the first test baskets: the southern style test baskets should be woven into a delicate grid with the bottom surface as same for searching. When the Shizi's name, the first two doors are

Inside, two rows of soldiers were ordered to stand up, and the scholars entered one after another. Two people searched for one person, carefully checked the clothes, utensils, and food of each scholar. If the two doors found the soldiers, the officials who were about to be searched for the soldiers would be punished as usual. Although these measures were difficult to eliminate the diseases of soldiers, they obviously had an important role in preventing the diseases. For example, in the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), forty-two people were found on the spot. Emperor Qianlong was furious and sent close ministers to conduct strict inspections, and stipulated that if one person was searched for, he would give the soldiers three taels of silver. Suddenly, two thousand and eight hundred candidates dispersed without waiting for the name.

The Song Dynasty had patrol shop officials in the examination hall and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all of which were to prevent the evil of spreading the truth, which was equivalent to our current invigilator.

During the reign of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, the Fengmi system had already appeared. Fengmi, also known as the name of the candidate, origin, family background and other key information on the test papers, was replaced by the font size, which was our current admission ticket, but the candidates did not know the font size.

However, even if you take the title of a seal, cheating in the test paper cannot be completely eliminated, because the examiner can still identify which candidate's test paper comes from the handwriting or the marks discussed in advance. In order to plug this loophole, a transcription system has emerged. Transcription is also called Yishu, which means that the candidate's test paper is copied separately by a special transcription officer and then handed over to the examiner for review. For this reason, a special transcription officer was also established. In order to prevent the transcription officer from rewriting or changing the test papers during transcription, a reading officer was established to proofread whether there is any difference between the transcription papers and the original papers in the text. In this way, after several layers of joints, when the test paper finally reaches the marking officer, he neither knows the candidate's name nor can he see the handwriting marks, so it is difficult to judge the ownership of the test papers, which greatly reduces the occurrence of fraud during the marking process and enhances the fairness of the test.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to prevent the bribery and requests from being involved in the competition, and to interfere with the main office, the lock-up system was established. The chief examiner was unable to go home until the date of the election, and could only lock in the examination room. This cut off the contact between the examiner and the outside world, making it difficult to make the request. The lock-up system was later used by the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

However, things are often "there are strategies above and countermeasures below". The name and copying are only an important means to prevent fraud, and it is still impossible to completely eliminate the occurrence of fraud in the subject. The examiner and the candidate can still cheat by making secret notes with secret codes that have been agreed in advance. This is the so-called "joint", which means missing questions in advance (this is generally very obscure, and candidates like pig heads may not necessarily understand) or make trouble on the test paper you answer, such as writing those words in the row and column.

During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty had just implemented a strict prevention system such as sealing and copying, and the joints were born accordingly. On the eve of a scientific examination, Yang Yi, a Hanlin scholar, specially hosted a banquet to entertain fellow villagers who came to Beijing to take the exam. The candidates invited to come were very excited and tried their best to flatter and flatter. Some even asked Yang Yi to take care of him. After hearing that Yang Yi changed color and cursed the swearing from the Shangshu - "Pixuezai", and then left. Most of the candidates present looked at each other, thinking that they had hit a nail, but some clever ones could hear something. A few days later, Yang Yi took office as the tribute examination, and all the candidates who used "Pixuezai" in the paper were admitted.

As the regulations of the field of science and technology became more and more stringent, the technology of the joints became more and more clever and more hidden. By the Qing Dynasty, a special term for the joints appeared - "using the ring". "The ring" was a cover with buttons on old clothes. Because the agreed joints were often two words, like the rings on ancient clothes, I got this name. According to Zhong Yulong's "Memoirs of the Field of Science": There was a man named Feng Peiyuan in Hangzhou. When he was young, his family was poor. Fortunately, a wealthy businessman appeared and took the initiative to fund his studies. Later, Feng Peiyuan's high school school was in the middle of the journey. In order to repay the wealthy businessman's kindness, Feng Peiyuan decided to help the wealthy businessman's son pass the imperial examination. He was in the middle of the journey.

The line was built and the examiner agreed to write two characters "天" in the answer sheet as a code. After the rich businessman got the joint, he was overjoyed and deliberately spent a lot of money to bribe the transcription clerk who was responsible for copying the test paper. After the examination, the rich businessman warmly welcomed the transcription clerk. When he was drunk, the transcription clerk proudly asked the rich businessman for credit, saying that when he copied the paper, he found that two characters in the test paper were not understood and helped to change it. These two characters that were changed happened to be the code "天". In this way, all the previous efforts were gone, and the rich businessman's son naturally did not pass the exam. In some sense, the clerk clerk was actually quite fair.
Chapter completed!