‘The desert weeds are growing and dying, and the spring flowers bloom and wither.’

Yumen Pass is the gateway to the west of the Central Plains. It is said that when the gate is built, a huge piece of jade was dug out. People inlaid it on the city wall and used the light of jade to guide the passing caravans. This is the only pass to the Western Regions, West Asia and European countries. The silk, lacquerware, paper and other products from the Central Plains are continuously exported to the West. The good horses, camels, grapes, fruits and other countries from the Western Regions were also introduced to the Central Plains through this Pass. The so-called "stop traveling to the post office, and the merchants and barbarians sell tourists, and the Japanese donations are placed under the block" describes the busy scene of Yumen Pass.

In the autumn of the third year after the Loulan people first saw the Han army, Loulan welcomed the Han Dynasty envoy. The envoy brought a one-sided order to send an appropriate number of people to transport water and food to the middle of the desert for the Han people who left the pass to the Western Regions. Not only Loulan was the only country who received the order from the Han Dynasty, but also the same.

For this reason, Loulan had to send a large number of strong men to the desert almost every day. Carrying heavy food and carrying water on his shoulders to welcome the Han people in the middle of the desert was a very difficult task. Although the Loulan people suffered from the violent tyranny of the Huns for many years, the order given by the Han Dynasty by the great power also made the Loulan people unbearable.

One month after some of the strong men in Loulan stopped going to the farmland and took the burden to the desert, one night after a month, the Loulan people were awakened from their sleep by the neighing of the Huns, which had not been heard for a long time. More than a dozen Huns who broke into the city gate and stepped on the streets and alleys of the city, showing that they were still alive. The young Huns who were straddling the horses on the backs of the horses carried the heads of the Han people who had just been slaughtered on the tip of the spear. The heads of the blood were still shining with vast light in the moonlight.

The next day, as usual, the young men from Loulan who were sent to the desert killed three Han businessmen and came back at dusk with the things left by the dead. Seeing this scene, the people in the city cheered together. The Loulan people began to think that since they had to be affiliated with powerful forces, they would rather choose the Huns, which had a deeper relationship than to communicate with the Han Dynasty, which had little knowledge.

The next day, the Han people were killed in the desert by the Loulan people again, and the accident ended. The Loulan people were no longer willing to go on a business trip for the Han envoy. Soon, some of the Huns began to station in Gushi and Loulan. From then on, the young men in Loulan attacked the passing Han envoys from time to time.

The Han Dynasty and the Huns near Yangguan met in the desert area of ​​the Western Regions for the first time in the early winter of 108 BC. The Han general Zhao Ponu led tens of thousands of troops into the Western Regions, and immediately defeated the Huns and led them to defeat the north. Then he took advantage of the victory and drove straight to the bank of Lop Nur to attack Gushi and Loulan.

Loulan was surrounded by the Han army in a blink of an eye. Because the Han army's attack was too sudden, there was no way to prepare for war in the city. Everyone had to bow and look at the Han general Wang Hui, who led 700 soldiers to break through the city. The Han army entered the palace in the center of the city, and the king was immediately arrested. King Loulan was taken to Zhao Ponu's camp and was forced to surrender to the Han army. At the same time, his eldest son was handed over overnight in order to be sent to the Han army as hostage.

After the Han army took Loulan into his hands, he then captured Gu Shi, which shocked Wusun and Dayuan. He returned to the court in the spring of the following year.

As soon as the Han army left the Western Regions, the Xiongnu troops immediately rushed into Loulan. King Loulan had to swear allegiance to the Huns to death, and sent his second son as hostage, just as before.

Emperor Wu, who once fought fiercely in the Western Regions, began to use force to manage the countries of the Western Regions. When Dayuan refused the advice of the Han Dynasty to exchange horses and then beheaded the envoys who went to negotiate, Emperor Wu was furious and decided to launch troops to conquer Dayuan. In the second year of Taichu (103 BC), Li Guangli led 6,000 regular cavalry troops and tens of thousands of young scoundrels into the Western Regions. Unexpectedly, the countries in the Western Regions all closed the city and refused to provide military rations. Therefore, although the expeditionary troops arrived directly in Dayuan, most of the soldiers were hungry. Facing the Dayuan army who was waiting for work, the defeat of the Han army was conceivable; Li Guangli hurriedly packed up the few remaining soldiers who survived, and finally returned to Yumen Pass. Emperor Wu was angry at Li Guangli's improper handling, and issued an imperial edict to kill those who dared to enter the pass, and refused to stop the defeated army outside Yumen Pass. Li Guangli therefore had to stay in Dunhuang.

The next year, Li Guangli led an army of more than 60,000 again to set off from Dunhuang. This time, in addition to the soldiers, he carried 100,000 cattle, 30,000 horses, tens of thousands of donkeys and camels, which was considered to be a complete preparation for weapons and food.

As soon as Li Guangli's army passed through the shore of Lop Nur Lake, Loulan was ordered by the Xiongnu to send troops to disrupt the rear of the Han army. But the Han army immediately realized this, and Loulan was surrounded by the Han army stationed in Yumen Pass. At this time, although the Hun cavalry rushed to help, they were unable to defend the city, and King Loulan fell into the hands of the Han army again.

King Loulan was sent to Chang'an, the Han capital. It was when the Han army's victory was frequent when the expedition to Dayuan was spreading. The expeditionary army surrounded Dayuan City, surrendered it, and captured more than 3,000 middle-aged horses led by dozens of good horses.

When King Loulan was tried, he said: The small country of Loulan lies between the Han and the Huns. If it is not affiliated with both countries at the same time, it will not be able to establish a country. The people are extremely tired because of this. If the Han Dynasty wants to put Loulan under the jurisdiction of the rule, there is only one way to move all the people of Loulan to the Han territory. Emperor Wu felt sorry for hearing this, and not only did not kill him, he released him back to Loulan.

After expeditioning to Dayuan, the Han army built watch posts at important strongholds from Yumen Pass to Lop Nur to guard the Han area to the Western Regions; and set up hundreds of military farming soldiers at the important places on the banks of Luntai and Tarim Rivers. From then on, regardless of whether Loulan was willing or not, he had to fall under the rule of the Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of Zhenghe (89th BC), the Han Han attacked Gu Shi, and Loulan sent his country's soldiers to the front line at the request of the Han Dynasty. In this battle, the Loulan soldiers had to fight with the Huns who were rushing to the Gu Shi. In this battle, the Loulan soldiers had to fight with the Huns who rushed to the Gu Shi. In this battle, the Loulan soldiers died in the battle.

King Loulan, who was seeking survival in the gap between the Han and the Huns, died of illness due to his illness, and no one in the country inherited the throne. The two princes were sent to the Han and the Huns as hostages and have not returned yet. It is reported that the eldest son, who was in the Han territory, had been executed for death for infringing the law. The second son sent to the Huns was also unknown, and his life and death were unknown. He had no choice but to elect a relative of the previous king to inherit the throne. However, as soon as the new king ascended the throne, he was asked to send hostages from both countries, so he had to send his eldest son An Gui and his second son Wei Tu to the Huns and Han territory respectively.

Emperor Wu, who was once very active in managing the Western Regions, in his later years, on the one hand, due to financial difficulties and the rebellion of the people, and on the other hand, due to more or less exhausted from the conquest, he no longer became as enthusiastic as before. The Huns then appeared again in the Western Regions and gradually expanded their power. At one time, most countries along the Dao belonged to the Han Dynasty, but from this time, they abandoned the Han Dynasty, and Loulan followed the Han Dynasty and joined the Huns.

The newly ascended Loulan King also died after being intervened between the two countries and was exhausted for several years. The Huns then returned to Loulan, the eldest son of the king who had been hostages in that country for several years, and made him become king. The 28-year-old young king announced the national policy of rebelling against Han and pro-Hunming as soon as he ascended the throne. He knew very well how painful the two countries were in the previous two generations of Loulan King, and he had lived in the camp of the Huns for a long time, so he naturally felt that the Huns were more likely to get close to them and there were many friends there.

The young new king Angui's anti-Han pro-Hungarian policy was soon demonstrated in concrete actions. Shortly after Angui ascended the throne, the Han Dynasty sent envoys to suggest that the new king enter the dynasty, and Angui refused. Not only that, Angui went on to serve as a wing of the Huns camp, obstructing the Han Dynasty's paths that the Han Dynasty had connected with the countries of the Western Regions. The Han envoys who went to the Western Regions, as well as the envoys sent to Han territory to pay tribute, were often attacked by the Loulan people near Lop Nur.

During the years when An Gui reigned, the Xiongnu soldiers openly entered and left the city of Loulan, and groups of Xiongnu horses could often be seen inside the city gate. As for the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu's death was the generation of Emperor Zhao.

Among the countries in the Western Regions, there is also Kucha except Loulan. Kucha is also located in a place that is prone to pressure from the Han and the Huns, and the troubles he feels are no different from Gushi and Loulan. Now, these two small countries facing each other across the desert have given up their attitude of communicating with the Han and the Huns at the same time. Regardless of whether the consequences are favorable, they decided to rely on their subordinates to the Huns to survive.

However, Loulan and Kucha's attitudes will inevitably be retaliated by the Han Dynasty sooner or later. King An Gui understood this, but he did not expect that that moment would come earlier than he expected.

In the autumn of the 77th BC, the Han minister Fu Jiezi was sent to Loulan. This was the second time Loulan welcomed Fu Jiezi this year. When he came back, An Gui was criticized for Loulan's anti-Han and pro-Hungarians. He apologized for sending Fu Jiezi back. Then he still did not change his country's policy at all. Now Fu Jiezi is here again, and both are receiving Han envoys. An Gui's heart is a bit heavy. Unfortunately, the Huns stationed nearby had just withdrawn. Although King An Gui was reluctant, he had to extend him into the palace in the city. During the banquet, Fu Jiezi quickly drew his sword and cut off An Gui's head.

Wei Tu, who stayed in Chang'an for a long time, learned from the Han envoy that his brother Chang'angui's death from the Han envoy, and was ordered to return to his hometown immediately to replace Angui as King Loulan.

Under the escort of the Han army, Wei Tu went west to Jiuquan and Yumen Pass, and passed the Bailongdui desert area, which was known as no birds or beasts, and looked at the dense forest area on the banks of Lop Nur Lake that had not been seen for several years. It was two months after Loulan Wang Angui was executed by Fu Jiezi.

The Loulan people learned that Wei Tu had returned, and although there were crowds gathering around the city gate, their eyes were so cold in the feeling of the new king. Just as the new king was about to pass through the city gate, a young man under ten years old shouted: Don’t betray the Helong!

Helong is a god worshipped by the Loulan people as the tribe god. After walking for a while, another old man raised his hand to attack the young king, shouting: Leave Loulan, otherwise there will be only a dead end!

Wei Tu had no idea what the young and old mother meant. The royal palace was strictly guarded by Han soldiers. Many royal men and women who were also familiar with were coming out to greet him, but their eyes projected on the face of the new king were equally cold.

Wei Tu met with the Han general stationed in Loulan. Before the new king entered the city, the Han general kept guarding Loulan to prevent civil strife or attack by the Huns.

The Han soldiers were about to be sent to the land of Yixun. The new king Yi led all the common people of Loulan to quickly abandon the place and move it to the vicinity of Yixun.

This statement from the Han general was really a bolt from the blue to Wei Tu. He had never been so shocked in his life.

The Loulan Kingdom is located on the bank of Lop Nur for one day, and it is difficult to escape the plunder of the Huns. If you want to get rid of the shackles of the Huns and surrender to the Han Dynasty, you have to move the whole country south. Otherwise, no matter how many Han troops are sent, it will be useless. This is the way for the Han Dynasty to deal with Loulan that was thought of.

Although Wei Tu wanted the Han Dynasty to send military farm troops to garrison in Yixun, he never thought about moving the whole country south. For the Loulan people, Lop Nur was a god, an ancestor, and their lives themselves.

Wei Tu then issued the first imperial edict as the new king, summoning all royal families over ten years old and senior officials of the country to report the serious situation facing Loulan. The participants had already learned everything from the Han generals, and thought that this action was a conspiracy between Wei Tu and the Han Dynasty. After Wei Tu's explanation, they finally resolved their misunderstandings and resentment towards the new king.

The royal family, the elders of the country, gathered together with their important officials every day to exchange opinions. No one agreed to move the country from the bank of Lop Nur to another place. However, now this is the supreme order of the Han Dynasty. If you disobey the order of the Han Dynasty, you will be mentally prepared to destroy the country? Or you may obey the meaning of the Han Dynasty and take a place near Yixun as the temporary capital. The Loulan people can only choose one of these two ways.

At the end, the resolution they obtained was to temporarily obey the Han orders, abandon the city of Loulan, establish a new country in the south, enrich the national strength under the protection of the Han Dynasty, and then wait for an opportunity to move the capital back to the bank of Lop Nur.

In the next month, campfires were brightly opened in Loulan City every night, and festivals and banquets were held for major events. The excited people seemed to have forgotten their sleep and refused to go to bed for a long time. Children and the elderly walked around the streets and alleys holding campfires everywhere.

In this issue, the new world they were about to migrate has been decided. It was a field on the south bank of a lake not far from Yixun City. The size of the lake was so small that it could not be compared with Lop Nur. Once the location of Xindu was decided, I don’t know who led it. People began to call it Shanshan. In their language, Shanshan means Xinshui. It was impossible for them to give this new world the name Loulan, because without Lop Nur, it would not matter Loulan, nor the Loulan people.

The decision was made to redeem the capital of Shanshan, and the days of the whole country's migration were also decided. The Loulan people lived a very busy life in the past twenty days before leaving. They did not think that they would give up the land they had worked hard forever, and they could not believe that they would do this. Just as they had changed their minds in the past, they could easily make themselves relied on the Xiongnu and survived under the protection of the Han Dynasty. The Loulan people believed that they were just temporarily moving south, escaping the plunder of the Xiongnu under the military escort of the Han Dynasty, until the Han Dynasty completely drove the Xiongnu's power out of the Western Regions.

The Loulan people carried their Han soldiers who were stationed in the city and secretly walked all over Lop Nur Lake to find places to hide their treasures. Some even found a distance away. Among their treasures are the beautiful jade from the rivers on the night of the moon, and the dried-up riverbed of the Tarim River several miles away outside the city of Loulan. The number is small, but it is crystal clear and beautiful jade; there are hand-woven tapestries and bags, silk-woven clothes with quiet and bright light, and the same silk-woven , and there are also various rare animals' horns and handicrafts made of horns. The men and women in Loulan had to bury these treasures in places that other countries could not find until they returned to their hometown. Some of them walked straight into the depths of the jungle under the shrill sound of male yaks known as the Great Lakes, while others climbed up to the dry trees on the lakeshore, and this kind of secret private was secretly going day and night.
Chapter completed!