As a man who has already read "Shan Hai Jing", "River and Canal Book", "Yu Gong Tu" and other monographs on river control dozens of times, and has a clear understanding of various water control methods. He has even taken Wang Jing of the Eastern Han Dynasty as the ultimate goal of his life. He never thought that his ambition was reflected in this group of rebellious monks. This has to be said to be a great irony.

Geographically speaking, a country has fixed mountains and fewer changes in capitals, but the river channel changes greatly. On one side of the water follow the mountains like a river between two mountains, there must be a river; on the other side of the water follow the city, it depends on the capital. Because the great changes in rivers have a great impact on the economy.

Let’s talk about the water conservancy situation of the Yellow River. Why is the Yellow River harmful to become the birthplace of Chinese culture? In fact, the Yellow River in the early stage was beneficial to China, and the Yellow River was harmful to China in the later stages.

According to historical records, the floods of the Yellow River were first seen in the fifth year of King Ding of Zhou, that is, the seventh year of Duke Xuan of Lu. At that time, it had been 110 years since the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, Wei State was Wei State on the north bank of the Yellow River. Wei State was the ancient ruins of the Shang Dynasty. The Book of Songs described her as "Qi'ao green bamboo, mulberry fields on the desert, cypress oars and pine boats, and spring source Kaopan". It was a beautiful water town. About the fifty years of the Spring and Autumn Period, Wei was destroyed by Di. Because Di was not familiar with water conservancy, the Yellow River broke frequently and the water conservancy in farmland was disrepaired, floods often occurred. By the time of Wei Wenhou, experts such as Ximen Bao and Shi Qi came to overhaul the water conservancy, so that the people in this area could still live and work in peace.

As for the second migration of the Yellow River in history, it was 440 years in the year of Emperor Wu of Han's Yuan Guangqi, five years after King Ding of Zhou. The reason for the floods of the Yellow River this time was due to the long-term wars of various countries since the Warring States Period, and everyone competed to build embankments. Jia Rang of the Han Dynasty once said: "The work of embankments has recently begun in the Warring States Period. It blocked all rivers and each benefited for its own benefit." At that time, Zhao flew together, and Wei countries competed to build embankments, making the river water wandering. When the water left, it became a plump farmland, but when the water arrived, it drifted away and was competing to build embankments to save itself.

At this time, there were also those who broke the water to soak the enemy country. For example, Zhao Suhou broke the water of the Yellow River to soak Qi, and Wei's army; during the reign of King Huicheng of Liang, the Chu State broke the water of the Yellow River to soak Changyuan; King Huiwen broke the water of the Yellow River to soak Wei, causing water to be slumped; during the reign of the Yellow River to soak the city of Daliang in Qin, causing the city to collapse. At this time, there were also those who blocked the water sources to harm neighboring countries. "The Strategies of the Warring States" record: "The Eastern Zhou Dynasty wanted to make rice, but the Western Zhou Dynasty did not go into the water." Therefore, Qin Shihuang advocated "driving the river to prevent the river". Due to many wars during the Warring States Period, water conservancy was disrepaired and the Yellow River channel was destroyed, which caused serious floods in the Western Han Dynasty.

Due to the above reasons, water conservancy was paid very much in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Due to the long-term disrepair of water conservancy in the late Western Han Dynasty, the rivers were broken for a long time, the sun and the moon were destroyed, and dozens of counties were drifted by Ji Canals. For example, the Bian Canals were also broken, so the early Eastern Han Dynasty attached great importance to the development of water conservancy.

Influenced by his family, Wang Jing began to study the Zhouyi in his youth and read a lot of books. He especially liked the study of astronomical and numerology. During the reign of Emperor Ming, someone recommended that Wang Jing be able to control water, so he sent him and Wang Wu, the general's envoy, to repair the Junyi Canal (now Kaifeng, Henan). Wang Jing used the "水水" to control the water flow and eliminate water disasters. The "水水" may be a boiling water weir set up next to the canal, which can control the water level in the canal and protect the safety of the canal embankment.

Emperor Ming also asked Wang Jing and Wang Wu to repair the Yellow River and Bian Canal. With a huge project, he requisitioned hundreds of thousands of peasant soldiers. Wang Jing and others personally inspected and investigated the terrain of rivers from Henan to Shandong and dredged the rivers, cleared the congestion, and set up a water gate every ten miles to control the water flow. It took ten billion yuan. It took more than a year to complete the project. From then on, the Yellow River and Bian River were diverted, and the silt soil along the two waters was used to make fertile fields. After this, the Yellow River was repaired and moored, and the Yellow River had not been changed to the route for more than 800 years. After completion, he personally inspected the canals and restored the establishment of river defense officials in accordance with the Western Han Dynasty system. Wang Wu (Wang Jing's assistant) and other entourage officials were all promoted to one level for their merits in the construction of the canals, while Wang Jing was promoted to the Censor three levels in a row. In the fifteenth year of Yongping, Wang Jing followed Emperor Ming to Wuyan to go to Wuyan. Emperor Ming witnessed his achievements in water control along the way, and was deeply praised. He also appointed Wang Jing as a visitor to the river embankment. In the seventh year of Jianchu, Wang Jing was transferred to the governor of Xuzhou and the following year he was moved to the prefect of Luzhou. At that time, the people in the area of ​​Lujiang were still alive. Although the ox plowing technology is not adopted, although there is no shortage of land, due to limited manpower, the grain is often insufficient. There is Shaobi, which was founded by Sun Shuao in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is more than a hundred miles in radius, but it is mostly decomposed. Wang Jing organized the people to repair it, formulated corresponding management systems, erected monuments to show bans. He also promoted ox plowing, and a large area of ​​land was reclaimed. Wang Jing also taught silkworm breeding technology to the local people, and the country became increasingly prosperous. Wang Jing's river management project achieved great success Merit. Shortly after the project was completed, Emperor Ming of Han issued an edict saying: "Now, the embankment is built, the canal is built, the water is cut off, the gate is set up, the river and Bian are divided, and the old lands are restored. The north of Taoqiu is gradually falling into the soil and graves." It pointed out that Wang Jing's work restored the Yellow River and the original pattern of the Bian Canal, so that the Yellow River no longer flooded everywhere, and the people in the flood area can rebuild their homes. Because the government at this time had been promoting ditches, rivers and canals, it promoted the prosperity of economic and cultural relics in the north. This is the proof that the Yellow River is beneficial to China.

After that, the Yellow River caused floods, which began in the Song Dynasty, and went back to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and lasted for thousands of years. Due to the lack of river control, the social, economic and cultural areas of the north gradually declined. Can this be seen as one of the reasons for the rise of the nomadic peoples in the north later? The "South-to-North Water Diversion" in the current era has to be said to be a major feat of our party's forward-looking vision, and the benefits are beyond doubt.

The Yellow River floods in the Song Dynasty were caused by the separatist rule of the vassal states after the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the Yellow River floods were thousands of miles away. Due to the fragmented vassal states at that time, everyone was intrigue and restrained each other, and they could not work together to govern. They could only let the rivers overflow and move cities to avoid them. Therefore, the farmland water conservancy on both sides of the lower reaches of the Yellow River was disrepaired under the rule of the vassal states. After the Song Dynasty, the area of ​​the corruption continued to be overflowed, with an area of ​​thousands of square miles.

,In Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces, they were ravaged by rivers, and the vitality of the north was greatly damaged. In the Song Dynasty, the Yellow River was divided into north and east. Going to Puyang, Henan Province, Guanxian, Shandong Province, Guantao, Shandong Province, Qinghe, Hebei Province, and then to Wucheng, Shandong Province, Dexian, Wuqiao, Hebei Province, and Tianjin into the sea, which is called north flow. Those who guide water eastward are to Qinghe, Hebei Province.

Feng, Chaocheng, Qingping, Leling and other counties entered the sea in Wudi, which was called east flow. Originally, the north flow was the ancient Yellow River road, with smooth water and wide and deep sea mouth. However, the Song people were afraid that the Khitan used the north flow as a bridge to defend the prefectures and counties, which caused China to lose all dangers, so the ministers of Shaosheng strongly advocated east flow. By the fifth year of Shaoxi of the Song Dynasty (the fifth year of Mingchang in the Jin Dynasty, this was already the Southern Song Dynasty), the Yellow River broke its mouth in Yangwu, and the Guanfengqiu flowed east. At this time, the Yellow River was divided into two factions,

The Northern Sect went from the Beiqing River to the Hainan Sect went from the Nanqing River to the Navigation. For self-interest, the Jin did not want to make the Yellow River flow north. So it was further away from the ancient Yellow River road flowing north. It violated the laws of nature and was corruption in politics. The darkness of the river engineering caused the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and canals to overflow. The people of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces spent countless huge gold every year to defend the three rivers. They repeatedly prevented the consumption and sacrifice of the proletarian people's power.

Let’s talk about the capable ministers who controlled water in history, in addition to Li Bing and his son (Dujiangyan Project) in the Qin Dynasty, Wang Jing of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Deng Ai, a capable minister of the Three Kingdoms, was also a great master of water management. Deng Ai wrote "Jihe Theory". He attached great importance to water conservancy and irrigation, believing that “there is little field and water is not enough to make the best place. It is advisable to open river canals, which can divert water to irrigate, accumulate military rations, and also transport the water to transport water.’

The above plan was agreed by King Xuan of Sima (Huo), and Deng Ai, in the second year of Zhengshi, "opened Guangqian Canal. Every time there was something to do in the southeast, a large army raised people and sailed down to the river. It was accurate, and the food was stored but no water harm. Deng Ai defeated Shu with his courage and wisdom (at that time, Liu Chan). He was then appointed as the Taiwei, with 20,000 households in the town, and his sons were granted the title of Tinghou. Each of them had a fief of thousands of households.

The development of water conservancy irrigation transportation in the Sui Dynasty made smooth transportation between the north and the south, which was even more indelible. In the third year of Kaihuang in Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty (the Chen Dynasty was not destroyed), the capital granaries were still empty and prepared for floods and droughts. He ordered the 13 prefectures of the waterways such as Pu, Shaanxi, Xiong, Yi, Luo, Zheng, Huai, Shao, Wei, Bian, Xu and Ru to set up a recruitment man to transport rice. He also built Liyang Cang in Weizhou, Changping Cang in Shaanxi, and Guangtong Cang in Huazhou, and transferred the grain from Guandong and Fenjin to supply the capital. He also sent Wei Zan, the assistant minister of the Warehouse Department, to recruit people from Pu, Shaanxi, and could transport 40 stones of rice from Luoyang. Those who were transported to Changping Cang were exempted from garage.

In the fourth year of Kaihuang, Yuwen Kai ordered Yuwen Kai to lead the underwater Miao Canal to divert the Wei River, and it was more than 300 miles east of Daxing City (Xi'an) to Tongguan, called Guangtong Canal, making it convenient for internal and external transportation of the bridge.

In the first year of Daye of Emperor Yang, more than 1 million men and women in Henan were recruited to dig Tongji Canal, so the world was transported more and more. In the fourth year, more than 1 million men and women were recruited to open Yongji Canal. In the fifth year, Emperor Yang set up the Xihai, the troops and the Qiemo counties in the Western Regions, exiled the criminals in the world as garrisons and opened large-scale military farms. The notorious Emperor Yang of Sui in history did not seem to be useless.

The two major causes of the Yellow River flood are the sudden surge in water during the river flood season, and the amount of mud and sand carried too much in the water. The above two are mainly caused by tributaries of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces in the middle. Ding Wei of the Song Dynasty also had another saying about the Grand Canal. Emperor Yang was going to visit Jiangdu, so he divided the Yellow River and built more than 300 miles of dikes on both sides, which caused scattered floods, causing Shaanxi and Henan to become mud-humid and humid places. It can be seen that everything has both yin and yang sides, and neither can be perfect.

The most important crop in China is to promote rice and wheat. The era when rice was most popular was the Song Dynasty. At that time, Daxing water conservancy in the Yangtze River Basin, especially the Taihu Basin, was the most popular. At that time, the Songjiang, Taicang, Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou in Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas were the richest areas in the country. The terrain of this area was lower than that of the sea. Suzhou was called Pingjiang Prefecture in ancient times, and because its terrain was flush with the Yangtze River, it could be called a Zeguo. Although the Netherlands is known as a Zeguo, it cannot be compared with the Taihu Basin.

The water conservancy industry in Jiangsu and Zhejiang was highly valued during the Five Dynasties. There was a palace dedicated to water control, called Dushuiyingtian Envoy. It also hired thousands of civilians to manage rivers and build embankments; it also asked people to remove the weeds beside the lake; it also hired civilians to hoe the grass in Qiantang Lake, and opened up the wasteland of Songjiang to make the land without any open land.

During the Qingli period of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan guarded Suzhou. At that time, there were large-scale polder fields, which was particularly important at that time. The area of ​​each polder was huge, hundreds of hectares, like a big city. The polder was also an embankment. This large polder field had river canals and gates outside. The gates were opened during drought to introduce river water; when the water was soaked, the gates were closed to remove excessive water. The water conservancy facilities on the embankment were very clever.

At that time, in the lowlands of western Zhejiang, there were ditches and rivers that could open the sea and sprinkle rivers at any time, so that the tide mud would not disappear from the riverbed. China had fewer floods than the West, because the Chinese paid more attention to water conservancy than Westerners.

When Fan Zhongyan was appointed as the prefect of Suzhou, the land in a state was 340 hectares, which generally cost more than 7 million stones per year. However, the rent paid to the central government in the southeast region was not light at that time, reaching 6 million stones, all from Suzhou. After the unification of the Song Dynasty, due to heavy taxes in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Huainan, the agricultural affairs were not repaired. During the Wu and Yue periods of the Five Dynasties, the price of rice was only a few dozen cents per stone; by the time of Fan Zhongyan, the price of rice in Jiangsu and Zhejiang was not less than six or seven hundred cents per stone, and some were even ten times more expensive than at that time. It can be seen how important it is to manage rivers.

In fact, there are many capable people who manage water in this world. Jiadan, whose courtesy name is Zhengfu, was originally from the second year of Jiayou in the Song Dynasty (1057) of Taicang, Jiangsu Province. In the third year of Xining (1070), according to the water conservancy situation in Qingpu and other places in the lower reaches of Taihu Lake, he wrote the Suzhou Water Conservancy Book, which recommended the management of paddy fields in Suzhou. The book "Songjiang (i.e. Wusong River) is Daying in the north and south, Xiajia and other pu. It has not been repaired for a long time. Whenever he encounters a large water, the shore of the Putang sinks to the bottom of the water and cannot consolidate the fields. Those who argue that the original shore of this pond is used to consolidate the fields. This is why the ancients dredged this large pu to drain water. This does not know that the foundation of the land control is not known.

"Yes" and other words. They also proposed "six achievements" such as "discussing the differences in the terrain and seeking the traces of ancient people to accumulate and leak", and later put forward seven suggestions on "About the Pros and Cons of Land Management". The book was praised by the court. In the fifth year, he was appointed as the Minister of the Sinong Temple and promoted the construction of Liangzhe Water Conservancy. He returned to Taicang to open a ditches, ditches, and farms in Dasi, and made great profits. He also presented the drawings to the government and was re-appointed as the Chief of the Sinong Temple, promoted to the judge of Jiangdong Transportation, and later served as the governor of Wenzhou, and died of illness. He wrote the "Wumen Water Conservancy Book". He built a different business in Jiaqiao, Chonggu Township, the county (now known as Jiadian), and then built a place name.

Gao Yu is too ordinary in appearance, just like an ordinary farmer, and he can only know a big name. According to the standards of the literati of the times, he is only a semi-illiterate, but his identity has an extremely unusual background. Not only did he obtain all the true teachings from his father Gaochao, he also systematically read all the monographs of water conservancy such as Li Bing, Wang Jing, Deng Ai, and Zheng Tan. It is not an exaggeration to say that he is a master of water conservancy like him.

Gao Yu himself insisted on his own opinion and violated the rules for the first time. He used the "Three Sections Sweeping Dragons Method" at the critical stage of the "Honglong Gate" to successfully block the last leak. In fact, this was not his first idea. His father Gao Chao had already used this method when he solved the breach of the Yellow River. It was recorded in Shen Kuo's famous "Mengxi Bitan" that these ignorant monk soldiers in front of him would not associate this dark farmer with the former Gao Chao.

What is the "colonary gate"? The construction of dams starts from both ends. As the project progresses, the distance between the two ends becomes closer and closer, and the water flow naturally becomes more and more rapid. In the end, blocking the gap in the middle and connecting the two ends is called the "colonary gate". This is the success or failure of the project.

During the Qingli period, the Yellow River broke the embankment in Damingfu, and it was not blocked for a long time. Guo Shenxi, deputy envoy of the Sansi Du Branch, went to command the construction himself. At that time, the river workers blocked the entrances many times and could not connect the dragon. At that time, the dragon gate was sixty steps long, and a river engineer named Gao Chao suggested that the body was too long and the manpower could not suppress it, and the dragon could not sink to the bottom of the water, so the water in the river could not be cut off, and most of the ropes were pulled off. Now the sixty steps (the step here is equivalent to the current 1.55 meters) should be divided into three sections, each section is twenty steps long, and connected by ropes in the middle. First press the first section, wait until it sinks to the bottom of the water, then press the second and third sections. The old river engineer tried his best to argue, thinking that it would not work, saying: "A twenty-step long chain cannot block the water leakage, and the three sections will be lost in vain, and the cost will be doubled compared to the original one. But the breach cannot be blocked." Gao Chao said to them: "The first section of the trunk did not cut off the flow, but the water potential would inevitably be reduced by half. When the second section of the trunk, it only takes half of the strength. Even if the water flow is not cut off, it is just a small leakage. The third section of the trunk is completely constructed on the ground, which can give full play to the power of manpower. After all the three sections of the trunk, the first two sections will naturally be filled with mud and sand, and there is no need to waste manpower." Guo Shenxi advocated the original plan and did not obey Gao Chao's suggestions. At that time, Jia Weigong was the head coach of the Daming Mansion, but he thought Gao Chao's statement was correct, so he secretly sent thousands of people downstream to pick up the washed-down shovel. According to the original method, the trunk was indeed washed away by the water, and the trunk was broken more and more. Guo Shenxi was demoted because of this. In the end, Gao Chao's method was used to block Shanghu's river shovel.

Standing on the embankment that took more than two months to command the Yi people, more than 60 days and nights, Gao Yu's heart was undulating. He sighed deeply, then entered the simple wooden house next to him, and entered the world of "River Books" again with the moonlight washed outside the window. He always maintained a little fantasy, hoping that his black pearl would always shine and catch the eye.
Chapter completed!